Effects of cadmium and glufosinate ammonium contaminated water on wild strawberry plants

Abstract Fragaria vesca L. (cv. Annabelle) plants were cultivated in hydroponic system and treated for 28 days with control (Hoagland solution), 1 mg L −1 of Cd, 10 µg glufosinate ammonium the mix Cd. Cd influenced photosynthetic parameters starting from day 18. fruit fresh weight after exposure. The accumulation roots was highest among all plant organs estimated being 200 g DW followed by leaves at < 15 reaching lowest concentrations fruits 3 . Only metabolite 3-(hydroxymethylphosphinyl) propionic acid (MPP) detected over detection limit each organ analysed. Glufosinate exposure reduced Ca uptake (− 35% compared to control) while Fe Zn, Mn fruits. Thus, residual ammonium, that could be present wastewater used irrigation, may affect wild strawberry physiology. data indicates mentioned above, consumers have a low risk but can exposed MPP through consumption are grown contaminated wastewater.